Skip to main content
Hi !Hello. Sign in or registerHelp & Contact
Sell
Watch List
My eBay
  • Summary
  • Recently Viewed
  • Bids/Offers
  • Watch List
  • Purchase History
  • Selling
  • Saved feed
  • Saved Searches
  • Saved Sellers
  • My Garage
  • Messages
Please sign in to view notifications.
Loading...
eBay Home
Advanced
Copyright © 1995-2025 eBay Inc. All Rights Reserved. Accessibility, User Agreement, Privacy, Payments Terms of Use, Cookies and AdChoice

1 Stamp Used Nigerian Stamps (Pre - 1960)

breadcrumb

  • eBay
    • Collectables & Art
    • Stamps
    • British Colonies & Territories
  • Collectables & Art
  • Stamps
  • British Colonies & Territories
  • Nigeria (until 1960)
  • 1 Stamp Used Nigerian Stamps (Pre - 1960)

Shop by category

  • British Colonies & Territories
    • Nigeria (until 1960)
    • Aden (until 1967)
    • Anguilla
    • Antigua & Barbuda (until 1981)
    • Ascension Island
    • Bahamas (until 1973)
    • Bahawalpur (until 1947)
    • Bahrain (until 1971)
    • Barbados (until 1966)
    • Basutoland (until 1966)
    • Bechuanaland (until 1966)
    • Bermuda
    • British Antarctic Territory
    • British Guiana (until 1966)
    • British Honduras (until 1973)
    • British Indian Ocean Territory
    • British KUT
    • British Levant (until 1922)
    • British Virgin Islands
    • Brunei
    • Burma (until 1948)
    • Cayman Islands
    • Ceylon (until 1948)
    • Collections/Mixture
    • Cook Islands (until 1965)
    • Cyprus (until 1960)
    • Dominica (until 1967)
    • Falkland Islands
    • Fiji (until 1967)
    • Gambia (until 1965)
    • Gibraltar
    • Gilbert & Ellice (until 1971)
    • Gold Coast (until 1957)
    • Grenada (until 1974)
    • Heligoland
    • Hong Kong (until 1997)
    • India (until 1947)
    • Jamaica (until 1962)
    • Kuwait (until 1961)
    • Leeward Islands
    • Malaya, Straits Settlements
    • Maldives (until 1965)
    • Malta (until 1964)
    • Mauritius
    • Montserrat
    • Morocco Agencies
    • Nauru (until 1968)
    • New Hebrides (until 1980)
    • Niue (until 1974)
    • Norfolk Island
    • North Borneo
    • Northern Rhodesia (until 1964)
    • Nyasaland/British Cent. Africa
    • Other Commonwealth Stamps
    • Palestine (until 1948)
    • Papua New Guinea (until 1975)
    • Pitcairn Island
    • Rhodesia (until 1965)
    • Samoa (until 1962)
    • Sarawak
    • Seychelles (until 1976)
    • Sierra Leone (1808-1961)
    • Singapore (1824-1963)
    • Solomon Islands (1893-1978)
    • Somaliland Protectorate
    • South Africa (until 1961)
    • South West Africa (until 1990)
    • St Helena
    • St Kitts & Nevis (until 1983)
    • St Lucia (1814-1979)
    • St Vincent & Grenadines (Brit)
    • Swaziland (until 1968)
    • Tonga (1900-70)
    • Trinidad & Tobago (until 1962)
    • Tristan da Cunha
    • Turks & Caicos (until 1976)
    • Zanzibar
  • All listings
  • Auction
  • Buy It Now
  • Best match
  • Time: ending soonest
  • Time: newly listed
  • Price + postage: lowest first
  • Price + postage: highest first
  • Distance: nearest first
  • List view
  • Gallery view

36 results

Sort: Best match

  • Best match
  • Time: ending soonest
  • Time: newly listed
  • Price + postage: lowest first
  • Price + postage: highest first
  • Distance: nearest first
    • Quality: Used- Selected
    • Block Height: 1 Stamp- Selected
    Clear All

    • Nigeria stamps 1914-1921 SG2,11,26,27 used CV £232.1 - Image 1 of 4
    • Nigeria stamps 1914-1921 SG2,11,26,27 used CV £232.1 - Image 2 of 4
    • Nigeria stamps 1914-1921 SG2,11,26,27 used CV £232.1 - Image 3 of 4
    • Nigeria stamps 1914-1921 SG2,11,26,27 used CV £232.1 - Image 4 of 4

    Nigeria stamps 1914-1921 SG2,11,26,27 used CV £232.1

    Private
    EUR 14.44
    EUR 5.25 P&P
    X⁣S⁣9⁣p⁣o⁣ ⁣R⁣3⁣n⁣ ⁣S⁣ѕ⁣o⁣r⁣4⁣e⁣ ⁣B⁣D⁣ ⁣A⁣d⁣S⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣
    • Nigeria Stamps: 1914 SG1,2,5a;9; CV £26.6 - Image 1 of 2
    • Nigeria Stamps: 1914 SG1,2,5a;9; CV £26.6 - Image 2 of 2

    Nigeria Stamps: 1914 SG1,2,5a;9; CV £26.6

    Private
    EUR 8.80
    EUR 5.25 P&P
    S⁣B⁣2⁣p⁣ ⁣5⁣o⁣9⁣ ⁣n⁣4⁣ѕ⁣o⁣X⁣ ⁣A⁣K⁣r⁣e⁣ ⁣d⁣⁣⁣⁣N⁣⁣⁣⁣
  • Vintage British Commonwealth Lagos and early Nigeria stamps - Image 1 of 1

    Vintage British Commonwealth Lagos and early Nigeria stamps

    Business
    EUR 23.63 to EUR 64.33
    EUR 5.25 P&P
    I⁣4⁣ ⁣X⁣8⁣S⁣ ⁣p⁣o⁣R⁣n⁣s⁣o⁣r⁣S⁣е⁣d⁣ ⁣N⁣⁣N⁣⁣ ⁣2⁣⁣⁣⁣0⁣
  • Vintage British Nigeria stamps - Image 1 of 1

    Vintage British Nigeria stamps

    Business
    EUR 19.69 to EUR 26.26
    EUR 5.25 P&P
    L⁣2⁣ ⁣S⁣p⁣o⁣n⁣s⁣о⁣U⁣r⁣e⁣D⁣ ⁣d⁣1⁣⁣1⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣2⁣⁣⁣5⁣
  • Nigeria OIL RIVERS GB OVERPRINT QV Card BONNY RIVER 1893 Liverpool Packet MA761 - Image 1 of 4

    Nigeria OIL RIVERS GB OVERPRINT QV Card BONNY RIVER 1893 Liverpool Packet MA761

    Business
    EUR 65.57
    or Best Offer
    EUR 11.82 P&P
    J⁣⁣1⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣V⁣⁣⁣⁣5⁣ ⁣I⁣E⁣ ⁣6⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣I⁣⁣⁣ ⁣M⁣
  • NIGERIA 4 EARLY STAMPS SG 1, 2, 17, 37 GOOD USED - Image 1 of 1

    NIGERIA 4 EARLY STAMPS SG 1, 2, 17, 37 GOOD USED

    Private
    EUR 0.87
    EUR 6.56 P&P
    0 bids
    2d 3h
    ⁣O⁣F⁣ ⁣⁣J⁣S⁣⁣ ⁣2⁣⁣Y⁣ ⁣⁣3⁣6⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣5⁣F⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣R⁣
  • LAGOS STAMP 1876/1882 USED Six Pence SG:GB-LG 10 or 17 Victoria - Image 1 of 4

    LAGOS STAMP 1876/1882 USED Six Pence SG:GB-LG 10 or 17 Victoria

    Private
    EUR 5.77
    EUR 4.20 P&P
    0 bids
    1d 10h
    W⁣⁣⁣C⁣⁣ ⁣X⁣⁣G⁣ ⁣E⁣5⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣Z⁣7⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣L⁣V⁣⁣⁣⁣
  • NIGERIA SPECIALIST ALBUM PAGE WITH 6 VARIATIONS OF LETTER 'E' SG72ce - Image 1 of 3

    NIGERIA SPECIALIST ALBUM PAGE WITH 6 VARIATIONS OF LETTER 'E' SG72ce

    Private
    EUR 5.91
    or Best Offer
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    H⁣⁣⁣⁣2⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣L⁣C⁣ ⁣V⁣⁣C⁣ ⁣2⁣⁣W⁣ ⁣D⁣A⁣ ⁣⁣⁣8⁣⁣
  • NIGERIA/CAMEROON WW2 Cover Victoria BRITISH MANDATE CDS 1943 *CENSOR 19* MA830 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA/CAMEROON WW2 Cover Victoria BRITISH MANDATE CDS 1943 *CENSOR 19* MA830

    Business
    EUR 91.83
    EUR 11.82 P&P
    ⁣⁣⁣R⁣P⁣ ⁣P⁣⁣1⁣⁣⁣ ⁣Q⁣⁣⁣⁣Q⁣ ⁣⁣⁣H⁣⁣B⁣ ⁣1⁣6⁣ ⁣B⁣
  • NIGERIA KGV Scarce 3d *Die 1* Bonny 1925 USA Kansas City SCHOOL {samwells}YO295 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA KGV Scarce 3d *Die 1* Bonny 1925 USA Kansas City SCHOOL {samwells}YO295

    Business
    EUR 65.57
    or Best Offer
    EUR 11.82 P&P
    ⁣⁣R⁣Z⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣8⁣⁣⁣⁣M⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣G⁣7⁣ ⁣5⁣⁣⁣
  • Nigeria £1 black & carmine red stamp pair SG 100 FU - Image 1 of 1

    Nigeria £1 black & carmine red stamp pair SG 100 FU

    Business
    EUR 9.18
    or Best Offer
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    S⁣⁣C⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣L⁣1⁣⁣ ⁣⁣4⁣L⁣ ⁣6⁣5⁣⁣ ⁣P⁣⁣Z⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣9⁣⁣
  • Nigeria 1953 £1 SG80 very fine used stamp cat £25 - Image 1 of 1

    Nigeria 1953 £1 SG80 very fine used stamp cat £25

    Business
    EUR 13.11
    EUR 2.63 P&P
    ⁣E⁣3⁣⁣ ⁣S⁣⁣⁣M⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣1⁣3⁣⁣ ⁣⁣6⁣⁣⁣I⁣⁣ ⁣X⁣Y⁣⁣
  • LAGOS STAMP 1887 USED ONE SHILLING SG:GB-LG 38 Victoria - Image 1 of 3

    LAGOS STAMP 1887 USED ONE SHILLING SG:GB-LG 38 Victoria

    Private
    EUR 4.61
    EUR 4.20 P&P
    0 bids
    1d 10h
    ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣H⁣P⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣Q⁣I⁣ ⁣⁣R⁣⁣G⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣X⁣⁣9⁣ ⁣
  • NIGERIA KGV1 1938-51 Collection of 10 Used Stamps. Free UK Postage - Image 1 of 3

    NIGERIA KGV1 1938-51 Collection of 10 Used Stamps. Free UK Postage

    Business
    EUR 11.55
    or Best Offer
    EUR 12.50 P&P
    S⁣p⁣T⁣о⁣N⁣n⁣ ⁣s⁣o⁣r⁣e⁣d⁣⁣⁣2⁣⁣0⁣⁣⁣ ⁣0⁣⁣⁣⁣P⁣ ⁣F⁣O⁣
  • NIGERIA POSTAGE STAMP SG80 £1 FINE USED CAT.£24 - Image 1 of 2

    NIGERIA POSTAGE STAMP SG80 £1 FINE USED CAT.£24

    Private
    EUR 13.06
    or Best Offer
    EUR 13.78 P&P
    5⁣O⁣S⁣p⁣o⁣n⁣ ⁣Z⁣s⁣V⁣ ⁣S⁣6⁣o⁣r⁣ ⁣е⁣d⁣⁣⁣⁣4⁣⁣⁣E⁣⁣ ⁣3⁣
  • LAGOS STAMP 1876 USED Six Pence SG:GB-LG 15 Victoria - Image 1 of 3

    LAGOS STAMP 1876 USED Six Pence SG:GB-LG 15 Victoria

    Private
    EUR 5.77
    EUR 4.20 P&P
    0 bids
    1d 10h
    Y⁣4⁣⁣⁣ ⁣R⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣5⁣⁣ ⁣2⁣L⁣ ⁣N⁣⁣8⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣4⁣
  • NIGERIA STAMP. GEORGE VI. 1'3 - Image 1 of 2

    NIGERIA STAMP. GEORGE VI. 1'3

    Private
    EUR 2.35
    EUR 3.01 P&P
    X⁣H⁣ ⁣⁣L⁣⁣D⁣⁣⁣ ⁣6⁣K⁣ ⁣Q⁣D⁣⁣ ⁣⁣L⁣E⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣
  • Nigeria SG21 2 1/2d Wmk Script Fresh Colour Difficult stamp used Cat 15 pounds - Image 1 of 1

    Nigeria SG21 2 1/2d Wmk Script Fresh Colour Difficult stamp used Cat 15 pounds

    Business
    EUR 5.53
    or Best Offer
    EUR 3.87 P&P
    V⁣⁣Q⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣8⁣A⁣ ⁣K⁣⁣⁣⁣J⁣ ⁣U⁣Z⁣⁣ ⁣U⁣8⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣
  • 1953 - Nigeria Tin Exploitation 2d Black Yellow-Ochre Used SG#72 - Image 1 of 1

    1953 - Nigeria Tin Exploitation 2d Black Yellow-Ochre Used SG#72

    Private
    EUR 2.61
    EUR 4.20 P&P
    4⁣⁣⁣E⁣ ⁣0⁣⁣⁣8⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣V⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣E⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣6⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣
  • 1961 - Nigeria Country Motifs / Central Bank 2'6d Stamp Used SG#NG 98 - Image 1 of 1

    1961 - Nigeria Country Motifs / Central Bank 2'6d Stamp Used SG#NG 98

    Private
    EUR 1.30
    EUR 4.20 P&P
    W⁣⁣⁣Y⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣0⁣⁣⁣Z⁣ ⁣G⁣⁣D⁣ ⁣Q⁣L⁣ ⁣6⁣⁣⁣M⁣ ⁣F⁣⁣⁣
  • 1958 - Nigeria Jebba Bridge & River Niger 3d Die I(a) Used SG73a - Image 1 of 1

    1958 - Nigeria Jebba Bridge & River Niger 3d Die I(a) Used SG73a

    Private
    EUR 2.61
    EUR 4.20 P&P
    ⁣⁣⁣G⁣⁣O⁣⁣ ⁣V⁣5⁣⁣⁣ ⁣A⁣⁣W⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣6⁣⁣⁣D⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣
  • SOUTHERN NIGERIA Postcard IGBEIN HILL Abeokuta PPC View Side Usage 1911 PX115 - Image 1 of 4

    SOUTHERN NIGERIA Postcard IGBEIN HILL Abeokuta PPC View Side Usage 1911 PX115

    Business
    EUR 39.32
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣F⁣N⁣ ⁣Z⁣P⁣⁣⁣ ⁣2⁣⁣⁣M⁣ ⁣⁣⁣L⁣⁣J⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣N⁣
  • Nigeria *LAGOS* QV Postal Stationery REPLY Card 1893 WEST AFRICA CDS Erfurt XW89 - Image 1 of 4

    Nigeria *LAGOS* QV Postal Stationery REPLY Card 1893 WEST AFRICA CDS Erfurt XW89

    Business
    EUR 32.75
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    ⁣H⁣W⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣2⁣F⁣ ⁣7⁣D⁣ ⁣7⁣B⁣ ⁣⁣B⁣Y⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣S⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣
  • NIGERIA Air Mail Cover FIRST FLIGHT Kaduna-Maidugari 1936{samwells-covers}YO297 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA Air Mail Cover FIRST FLIGHT Kaduna-Maidugari 1936{samwells-covers}YO297

    Business
    EUR 30.13
    or Best Offer
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    8⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣6⁣⁣ ⁣5⁣⁣7⁣ ⁣N⁣O⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣O⁣⁣B⁣⁣ ⁣⁣X⁣H⁣ ⁣
  • NIGERIA KGVI 2s/6d Cover FIRST FLIGHT Lagos Cover 1941 USA Miami Beach YO305 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA KGVI 2s/6d Cover FIRST FLIGHT Lagos Cover 1941 USA Miami Beach YO305

    Business
    EUR 30.13
    or Best Offer
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    Ѕ⁣p⁣4⁣o⁣9⁣ ⁣n⁣V⁣s⁣o⁣r⁣6⁣e⁣d⁣ ⁣⁣F⁣⁣N⁣ ⁣⁣⁣V⁣D⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣
  • NIGERIA KGVI 2s/6d Cover FIRST FLIGHT Lagos-Miami USA Washington 1941 Air YO299 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA KGVI 2s/6d Cover FIRST FLIGHT Lagos-Miami USA Washington 1941 Air YO299

    Business
    EUR 30.13
    or Best Offer
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    Ѕ⁣S⁣A⁣p⁣ ⁣o⁣n⁣s⁣Q⁣o⁣N⁣r⁣ ⁣G⁣e⁣d⁣0⁣ ⁣4⁣R⁣⁣⁣ ⁣Z⁣⁣⁣⁣P⁣
  • NIGERIA Air Mail Cover Lagos 1951 USA Michigan Detroit CHRYSLER *CARS* YO298 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA Air Mail Cover Lagos 1951 USA Michigan Detroit CHRYSLER *CARS* YO298

    Business
    EUR 17.00
    or Best Offer
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    ⁣9⁣2⁣ ⁣K⁣G⁣ ⁣S⁣Q⁣⁣ ⁣A⁣T⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣T⁣5⁣ ⁣4⁣⁣⁣
  • NIGERIA WW2 KGVI Cover Jos 1942 SEMI-CIRCULAR *CENSOR* New York {samwells}YO293 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA WW2 KGVI Cover Jos 1942 SEMI-CIRCULAR *CENSOR* New York {samwells}YO293

    Business
    EUR 26.19
    or Best Offer
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    R⁣S⁣ ⁣V⁣⁣8⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣F⁣⁣⁣0⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣A⁣R⁣
  • NIGERIA KGVI Air Mail 1941 Cover FIRST FLIGHT *BELEM* Miami Beach YO303 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA KGVI Air Mail 1941 Cover FIRST FLIGHT *BELEM* Miami Beach YO303

    Business
    EUR 15.69
    or Best Offer
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    ⁣⁣Q⁣D⁣⁣ ⁣⁣Q⁣L⁣ ⁣T⁣⁣⁣R⁣⁣ ⁣⁣P⁣O⁣⁣ ⁣⁣O⁣⁣⁣⁣M⁣⁣
  • NIGERIA Air 1941 Cover FIRST FLIGHT NATAL *Rio Grande* Transit USA MiamiYO301 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA Air 1941 Cover FIRST FLIGHT NATAL *Rio Grande* Transit USA MiamiYO301

    Business
    EUR 19.63
    or Best Offer
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    0⁣⁣4⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣N⁣8⁣⁣⁣ ⁣J⁣9⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣O⁣⁣M⁣
  • NIGERIA Air Mail 1941 Cover FIRST FLIGHT *TRINIDAD* Lagos USA Miami Beach YO302 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA Air Mail 1941 Cover FIRST FLIGHT *TRINIDAD* Lagos USA Miami Beach YO302

    Business
    EUR 15.69
    or Best Offer
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    ⁣I⁣T⁣ ⁣⁣K⁣E⁣ ⁣⁣⁣K⁣L⁣ ⁣E⁣⁣⁣W⁣ ⁣⁣S⁣4⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣
  • NIGERIA Air Mail 1941 Cover FIRST FLIGHT *GAMBIA* Lagos USA Miami Beach YO300 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA Air Mail 1941 Cover FIRST FLIGHT *GAMBIA* Lagos USA Miami Beach YO300

    Business
    EUR 15.69
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    6⁣N⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣7⁣J⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣P⁣0⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣C⁣Z⁣ ⁣2⁣⁣⁣2⁣⁣
  • NIGERIA KGVI Air Mail Cover *ENUGU* GB London 1950{samwells-covers}YJ212 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA KGVI Air Mail Cover *ENUGU* GB London 1950{samwells-covers}YJ212

    Business
    EUR 17.00
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    V⁣4⁣ ⁣P⁣⁣L⁣ ⁣1⁣5⁣⁣ ⁣P⁣⁣⁣⁣1⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣9⁣G⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣
  • NIGERIA Air Mail Cover FIRST FLIGHT CONGO Lagos USA Miami Beach 1941 YO304 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA Air Mail Cover FIRST FLIGHT CONGO Lagos USA Miami Beach 1941 YO304

    Business
    EUR 15.69
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    ⁣⁣H⁣⁣V⁣⁣⁣ ⁣F⁣⁣A⁣⁣⁣ ⁣7⁣O⁣⁣ ⁣⁣T⁣⁣⁣B⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣
  • NIGERIA Air Mail Cover FIRST FLIGHT USA New York Lagos 1941{samwells}YJ221 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA Air Mail Cover FIRST FLIGHT USA New York Lagos 1941{samwells}YJ221

    Business
    EUR 17.00
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    ⁣R⁣⁣M⁣ ⁣1⁣7⁣⁣ ⁣⁣H⁣R⁣⁣ ⁣N⁣C⁣ ⁣9⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣
  • NIGERIA KGVI Air Mail FIRST FLIGHT PAN-AM 6d Strip FAM-22 1941 USA WW2 ZC129 - Image 1 of 4

    NIGERIA KGVI Air Mail FIRST FLIGHT PAN-AM 6d Strip FAM-22 1941 USA WW2 ZC129

    Business
    EUR 11.75
    EUR 4.59 P&P
    0⁣5⁣ ⁣⁣⁣3⁣⁣0⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣3⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣T⁣⁣⁣ ⁣⁣J⁣V⁣⁣⁣